By popular demand, a quick explanation of some of the quirkier facets of Australia's political system. (Actually, it was by JG's request, but she's popular, ergo it's popular demand.)
Australia's official head of state is Her Majesty The Queen. According to the constitution, executive authority in Australia is vested in The Queen. However, with The Queen firmly ensconced in Great Britain, she requires a representative in Australia - which is where the Governor General comes into the picture. The GG is, thus, the official representative of the head of state, although the Prime Minister is the functional head of state.
It all sounds a bit complicated, but it's fairly simple - at least when you grow up with it. But I am seeing now how odd it must appear.
A significant degree of the GG's role is ceremonial, and when exercising executive powers (such as regal assent for legislation), the GG acts on the advice of federal Ministers - who are directly elected. There are, however, four 'reserve powers' that the GG can enact without such advice:
1. The power to appoint a Prime Minister if an election has resulted in a ‘hung parliament’;
2. The power to dismiss a Prime Minister where he or she has lost the confidence of the Parliament;
3. The power to dismiss a Prime Minister or Minister when he or she is acting unlawfully; and
4. The power to refuse to dissolve the House of Representatives despite a request from the Prime Minister.
As far as I know, there has only been one instance in which the GG has enacted a reserve power without recourse to Ministerial advice. In 1975, GG Sir John Kerr dismissed the government of Gough Whitlam when the Senate blocked the passage of the budget. It was, naturally, a controversial decision and saw the birth of arguably the best known Australian political quote:
"Well may we say "God save the Queen" because nothing will save the Governor-General,"spake Gough Whitlam immediately after his dismissal.